Place the puff pastry down on top of the sugar and lightly roll it out into an evenly thick square or rectangle, repairing any cracks where it was folded. Work with the long edge of the puff pastry facing you if you are working with a rectangle. Brush the pastry lightly with some egg wash and sprinkle sugar over the top to cover evenly. Flip the pastry over so that the sugared side is on face down. Brush the top surface of the pastry with a little egg wash and sprinkle the remaining sugar on top.
Line your air fryer basket with parchment paper. Slice the log into ½-inch slices and place the slices flat onto the parchment paper in the air fryer basket, leaving a little room between each one.
Transfer the palmiers to the air fryer basket and air-fry at 400ºF for 10 minutes, turning them over halfway through the cooking time.